The term “Hip-Hop” was first used by the South Bronx community leader Afrika Bambaataa . “Hip”, meaning ‘current’, has been a part of the African American vernacular english language since 1904.  Turntablism is the art of manipulating sounds to create music and the simultaneous looping of the upbeat drum. This technique served as the basis of the emergence of hip-hop which came up in the 1970s. Clive Campbell, at the age of 13, developed hip-hop music for the first time in Bronx, New York. Campbell developed a blueprint for hip-hop music and culture by reposing on the Jamaican tradition of roasting.