The Jubilee Quartet was a more polished, sophisticated version of the Negro Spiritual and were now arranged, usually sang in concert halls. They started as a way for Historically Black Colleges and Universities to fundraise for their financial hardships because of their lack of public funding. After the Fisk Jubilee Singers, many groups began to emulate them and the Capital City Four and the Jubilee Four. The quartets consisted of male and female a capella ensemble of four to six voices that perform formal arrangements in close four-part harmony, with rhythmic style of singing.